Vaccines in pregnancy can feel confusing, because the usual instinct is to be cautious about everything. But certain vaccines are not just safe in pregnancy, they are recommended, because they protect both you and your baby during a vulnerable time.
- The flu shot (the inactivated injection) and the Tdap vaccine are recommended during pregnancy.
- These vaccines pass protective antibodies to your baby, who cannot be vaccinated in the first months of life.
- Live vaccines, such as MMR and the nasal-spray flu vaccine, are generally avoided in pregnancy.
- COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in pregnancy. Check current guidance for timing and boosters.
The flu shot
Pregnancy changes your immune system, heart, and lungs in ways that make the flu more likely to become severe. The inactivated flu shot, meaning the injection rather than the nasal spray, is recommended at any stage of pregnancy. It lowers your own risk of serious illness and passes antibodies to your baby that help protect them in their first months, before they are old enough for their own flu vaccine.
Tdap (whooping cough)
Tdap protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis, better known as whooping cough. Whooping cough can be life threatening for newborns. Getting Tdap in each pregnancy, usually between 27 and 36 weeks, gives your body time to make antibodies and pass them to your baby before birth.
COVID-19 vaccine
Pregnancy raises the risk of severe COVID-19. Vaccination is recommended during pregnancy and is considered safe. Guidance on boosters and timing is updated over time, so confirm the current recommendation with your provider.
Which vaccines to avoid
Live vaccines are generally not given during pregnancy. These include:
- MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)
- Varicella (chickenpox)
- The nasal-spray flu vaccine, which is a live version
If you need one of these, it is usually given before pregnancy or after birth. Most vaccines are fine while breastfeeding.
What about side effects?
A sore arm, mild tiredness, or a low fever for a day are common and not a cause for concern. These are signs that your body is building protection, and they do not mean the vaccine is unsafe for your baby.
When to talk to your provider
Ask about timing if you are planning a pregnancy, if you are unsure which vaccines you have already had, if you have a known allergy to a vaccine component, or if you have a condition that affects your immune system.
Medical Disclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes only and is not medical advice, and it does not replace guidance from your doctor or midwife. Always confirm what is right for you with a qualified professional. If you think you may be experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services right away.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Vaccines During Pregnancy.”
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). “Maternal Immunization.”
- National Health Service (NHS). “Vaccinations in pregnancy.” 2024.
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